Two new xanthone glycosides, polygalaxanthone IV and V were isolated from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Their structures were established as 6-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (12)-b-D-glucopyranosyl]-1-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (polygalaxanthone IV), and 6-O- [a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-b-D-glucopyranosyl]-1, 3-dihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone (polyga- laxanthone V), respectively, on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. Two new xanthone glycosides, polygalaxanthone IV and V were isolated from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Their structures were established as 6-O- [aL-rhamnopyranosyl- (12) -bD-glucopyranosyl] -1-hydroxy- dimethoxyxanthone (polygalaxanthone IV), and 6-O- [aL-rhamnopyranosyl- (12) -bD-glucopyranosyl] -1,3-dihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone (polygalacton V), respectively, on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence