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微生物诱导碳酸盐类矿物沉淀是地质微生物学的研究热点之一。微生物主要通过其代谢活动促进细胞周围微环境pH值及水体[CO32]的升高,最终表现为碳酸盐类矿物饱和指数的增加。此外,微生物及其分泌的胞外聚合物可作为碳酸盐晶核的成核位点,为碳酸盐矿物晶体的生长进一步提供有利条件。微生物成因与纯化学成因的碳酸盐类矿物相比具有不同的矿物特征(如形貌、微量元素含量及碳同位素等)。深入了解微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀的行为对理解地质时期微生物活动及其在二氧化碳的地质封存中的潜在应用具有指导意义。本文综述了微生物诱导碳酸盐矿物沉淀的机理、代谢过程,总结了该领域的最新进展,探讨了生物成因以及化学成因碳酸盐矿物的区别,最后指出了该项研究在微生物岩以及CO2地质封存上的一些可能的拓展方向。
Microbial-induced carbonate mineral deposition is one of the hot topics in geo-microbiology. Microbial mainly through its metabolic activity to promote the microenvironment around the cell pH and water [CO32] increased, the final performance of the carbonate mineral saturation index increased. In addition, microorganisms and their secreted extracellular polymers act as nucleation sites for carbonate nuclei, further providing favorable conditions for the growth of carbonate mineral crystals. Microbial origin has different mineral characteristics (such as morphology, trace element content and carbon isotope) compared with purely chemical carbonate minerals. In-depth understanding of the behavior of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation is of guiding significance in understanding the microbial activity during geological period and its potential application in the geological storage of carbon dioxide. This review summarizes the mechanism of microbial induced carbonate mineral precipitation, the metabolic process, summarizes the latest developments in this field, explores the biological genesis and the difference between chemical and genetic carbonate minerals, and finally points out that the study on microbial rocks and CO2 geology Sealing up some of the possible direction of expansion.