目的探讨三聚氰胺亚急性染毒导致雄性大鼠泌尿系统损害的情况。方法将清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,分别为空白对照组、溶剂对照组(1%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液)、三聚氰胺低(200 mg/kg.bw)、中(400 mg/kg.bw)、高(1000 mg/kg.bw)剂量三组实验组。经口染毒连续4周,处死动物取血清测定尿素氮、肌酐和尿酸,称量肾、膀胱,计算脏器系数,并对肾、输尿管和膀胱进行病理学观察。结果各剂量组染毒1周后尿量增加,染毒3周后体重下降,染毒4周结束后血清肌酐、尿素氮和尿酸升高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高剂量组肉眼观察肾肿胀,膀胱有结晶样物质形成;中、高剂量镜下见膀胱粘膜缺损,肾小管有结晶样物质。结论亚急性染毒三聚氰胺可以导致雄性大鼠多尿、肾功能损害,膀胱结石和肾结石形成,泌尿系统损伤严重。 Objective To investigate the subacute exposure of melamine in male rats urinary system damage. Methods Clean male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank control group, solvent control group (1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution), melamine low (200 mg / kg.bw), medium (400 mg / kg.bw), high (1000 mg / kg.bw) dose three experimental groups. After 4 weeks of oral exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the blood samples were taken for the determination of urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid. The kidneys and urinary bladder were weighed and the organ coefficients were calculated. The pathological changes of kidney, ureter and bladder were observed. Results The urine volume of each dose group increased after 1 week of exposure. The body weight decreased after 3 weeks of exposure. After the 4th week of exposure, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid increased, with significant difference compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In the high-dose group, renal swelling was observed macroscopically and the bladder was formed with crystal-like substance. In the middle and high dose microscope, bladder mucosa defect was observed and the tubules were crystallized like substance. Conclusions Subacute exposure to melamine can cause polyuria in male rats, impaired renal function, formation of bladder stones and kidney stones, and severe urinary tract injury.