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用红外线 CO_2分析仪测定了大豆各生育期及品种(系)间光合活性的差异。结果表明大豆的光合速率在整个生育期中发生规律性的变化呈双峰曲线,其高峰出现在始花期和结荚鼓粒期。大豆品种(系)间光合速率变异幅度为11～40毫克 CO_2/分米~2·小时,平均23.1毫克 CO_2/分米~2·小时,变异系数为28%全距为29毫克 CO_2/分米~2·小时。品种(系)间光合速率具有遗传稳定性;约66.6%的育成品种希尔反应活性高于比较高的亲本;有60%的育成品种光合速率高于比较高的亲本,说明常规育种也能提高育成品种的光合作用效率,虽然在育种过程中未注意到这一点。在生育期相近的品种(系)间光合速率与产量呈正相关;但生育期相差悬殊的无名一号(早熟)和黑农26品种(晚熟),光合速率与产量呈负相关。研究结果表明,以提高叶片光合活性和经济系数为目的大豆高光效育种具有现实的可能性。
The difference of photosynthetic activities between different growth stages and varieties (lines) of soybean was determined by infrared CO_2 analyzer. The results showed that the regular changes of photosynthetic rate in soybean during the whole growth period presented a bimodal curve with the peak appeared in the flowering stage and the pod stage. The variation range of photosynthetic rate among soybean varieties (lines) was 11-40 mg CO 2 / dm 2 · h, with an average of 23.1 mg CO 2 / dm 2 · h and the coefficient of variation was 28%. The full range was 29 mg CO 2 / dm 2 ~ 2 hours. About 66.6% of the cultivars had higher Hill reaction activity than the higher parents, and 60% of the cultivars had higher photosynthetic rate than the higher parents, which indicated that the conventional breeding could be improved Photosynthetic efficiency of bred varieties, although not noticeable during breeding. There was a positive correlation between the photosynthetic rate and the yield of the cultivars (lines) with similar growth stages. However, there was a negative correlation between the photosynthetic rate and the yield of the untitled (Premature) and the Heinong 26 cultivars (late maturing). The results showed that there is a realistic possibility of high photoperiod breeding for the purpose of improving the photosynthetic activity and economic coefficient of leaves.