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先天性白内障是儿童可治性盲的首位病因。先天性白内障表现形式多样复杂，常合并其他眼部结构异常；小儿眼球结构和功能处于发育阶段，眼球壁软、血眼屏障尚未发育成熟，手术难度大、术后并发症多发；因此，先天性白内障不是成年白内障的缩小版，有其独特的手术原则。本文根据中山大学中山眼科中心多年的临床实践，结合国内外文献，从先天性白内障患者手术时机的选择与手术技巧以及围手术期特点等方面进行探讨。n （中华眼科杂志，2021，57：11-16）“,”Congenital cataract is the first main cause of avoidable blindness in children. The manifestations of congenital cataract are diverse and complex, often associated with other ocular structural abnormalities. The infantile eyeballs are in the growth and development stage, the structure of eyeball wall is fragile, and the blood-ocular barrier is immature. Therefore, congenital cataract surgery features relatively higher surgical technical requirements with higher postoperative complications occurrence. Congenital cataract is not a miniature version of age-related cataract, which has its own unique surgical principles. In this article, issues including the preoperative characteristics of congenital cataract, surgical timing and techniques, and follow-up treatment, were discussed based on expert clinical experiences of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and relevant literatures.n (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 11-16)