外周神经系统的神经元在结构和功能上有明显的特点:轴突的表面积或容积比胞体大上千倍,但轴浆中没有合成蛋白质的粗面内质网,核蛋白体也很少;轴突生长发育、代谢更新以及再生修复所需的结构物质必须由胞体合成,经轴浆转运到轴突的特定部位;轴突传导冲动、释放递质所需的能源、递质和有关的代谢酶,以及其他功能物质也有赖于胞体内合成与胞浆中转运。外周神经这种分化上的特异性,不仅说明胞浆转运有重要的生理意义,还说 The neurons in the peripheral nervous system have obvious features in structure and function: the surface area or volume of axons is a thousand times greater than that of the cell body, but there is no rough endoplasmic reticulum of protein synthesis in the axoplasm, The structural substances required for axonal growth, metabolism, renewal and regeneration must be synthesized by the cell body and transported through the axoplasm to a specific site of the axon; axon conduction impulses, the energy required to release the neurotransmitter, neurotransmitter and related metabolism Enzymes, as well as other functional substances, also depend on intracellular synthesis and cytoplasmic transport. Peripheral nerve differentiation of this specificity, not only shows the important physiological significance of cytoplasmic transport, also said