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在学习英语的过程中,常常有部分同学对动词不定式不能正确理解和应用。下面就此谈谈我个人的理解,供同学们参考。
动词不定式形式属于非谓语动词,在句子中起名词,形容词或副词的作用,除了不可以作谓语,可以充当句子中的其它任何成分。
1、形式,动词不定式一般由“to加动词原形”构成,to是动词不定式的符号,本身没有意义,但有些不定式需要省去to,和动词原形一样。
2、用法
a:作主语
eg:(1)To watch TV too much is bad for your eyes.
(2)To skate on the thin ice is very dangerous.
注:动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词要用单三形式,常用it来做形式主语,以上两例可以转换成:
eg:(1)It is bad for your eyes to watch TV too much.
(2)It is dangerous to skate on the thin ice.
b:作宾语
常用动词不定式来作宾语的动词有:like、start、begin、remember、forget、want、would like等。
eg:He wants to bay a new car instead of an old one
I learn to speak Japanese
c:作宾语补足语
使役动词后可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语,但要注意以下几种结构:
tell/ask/order sb(not) to do sth
let/ make/see 等感官动 词sb(not)do sth
注意:此结构变被动语态时,要加动词不定式的符号to:
help sb、do(to do)sth
eg:The teacher told us to write down the words on the blackboard.
I like you to do it this way.
d:作表语
eg:My job is to sell shoes.
The main thing is to point out the difficulties of the plan.
e:作状语
动词不定式作状语可以表目的:原因、结果
eg:He came to the library to return the book(表目的)
He woke up to find everything gone.(表示结果)
f:作定语
动词不定式作宾语放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如果不定式是个词组,要保持词组的完整性。如果被修饰的是表示地点和工具的名词,则作定语的不定式要加上相应的介词。
eg:There is not enough space to live in on the earth.
h:动词不定式不带to的情况
(1)在动词make(使)、hear(听到)、Listen to(听)、feel(感到)see(看见)、watch(观看)、look at(看)、notice(注意)、observe(观察)have(使)、let(让)等后面作宾语补足语时,动词不定式不带to。
eg:I feel my car run fast.
Nobody saw him come in.
Look at the hors run.
当这些动词在被动句中作谓语时,后面的动词不定式就不能省略to。
eg:They were heard to sing a song.
He was make to work from morning till night.
注:在动词help(帮助)后面,不定式符号to带不带都可以。
(2)在某些固定词组had better(最好)、would rather(宁可)、rather than(宁愿)之后。动词不定式不带to
eg:You’d better have a good rest.
I would rather walk than stay here.
(3)在以why开头的省略句中:动词不定式不带to
eg:Why not join us?
Why not keep this secret.
总之,同学们在学习英语过程中,只要把握规律,多练习、多巩固,任何疑难问题都会解决的。但愿以上几点能帮助大家正确理解与撑握动词不定式的应用。
动词不定式形式属于非谓语动词,在句子中起名词,形容词或副词的作用,除了不可以作谓语,可以充当句子中的其它任何成分。
1、形式,动词不定式一般由“to加动词原形”构成,to是动词不定式的符号,本身没有意义,但有些不定式需要省去to,和动词原形一样。
2、用法
a:作主语
eg:(1)To watch TV too much is bad for your eyes.
(2)To skate on the thin ice is very dangerous.
注:动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词要用单三形式,常用it来做形式主语,以上两例可以转换成:
eg:(1)It is bad for your eyes to watch TV too much.
(2)It is dangerous to skate on the thin ice.
b:作宾语
常用动词不定式来作宾语的动词有:like、start、begin、remember、forget、want、would like等。
eg:He wants to bay a new car instead of an old one
I learn to speak Japanese
c:作宾语补足语
使役动词后可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语,但要注意以下几种结构:
tell/ask/order sb(not) to do sth
let/ make/see 等感官动 词sb(not)do sth
注意:此结构变被动语态时,要加动词不定式的符号to:
help sb、do(to do)sth
eg:The teacher told us to write down the words on the blackboard.
I like you to do it this way.
d:作表语
eg:My job is to sell shoes.
The main thing is to point out the difficulties of the plan.
e:作状语
动词不定式作状语可以表目的:原因、结果
eg:He came to the library to return the book(表目的)
He woke up to find everything gone.(表示结果)
f:作定语
动词不定式作宾语放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如果不定式是个词组,要保持词组的完整性。如果被修饰的是表示地点和工具的名词,则作定语的不定式要加上相应的介词。
eg:There is not enough space to live in on the earth.
h:动词不定式不带to的情况
(1)在动词make(使)、hear(听到)、Listen to(听)、feel(感到)see(看见)、watch(观看)、look at(看)、notice(注意)、observe(观察)have(使)、let(让)等后面作宾语补足语时,动词不定式不带to。
eg:I feel my car run fast.
Nobody saw him come in.
Look at the hors run.
当这些动词在被动句中作谓语时,后面的动词不定式就不能省略to。
eg:They were heard to sing a song.
He was make to work from morning till night.
注:在动词help(帮助)后面,不定式符号to带不带都可以。
(2)在某些固定词组had better(最好)、would rather(宁可)、rather than(宁愿)之后。动词不定式不带to
eg:You’d better have a good rest.
I would rather walk than stay here.
(3)在以why开头的省略句中:动词不定式不带to
eg:Why not join us?
Why not keep this secret.
总之,同学们在学习英语过程中,只要把握规律,多练习、多巩固,任何疑难问题都会解决的。但愿以上几点能帮助大家正确理解与撑握动词不定式的应用。