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为了研究人胚胎视网膜神经元的凋亡与增殖、分化的关系，调节凋亡和增殖的因素，验证TUNEL法的敏感性和可靠性，本文作者收集了8－38周胚胎视网膜27例、成人视网膜3例及成年SD雌性大鼠的胸腺、卵巢和小肠，制石蜡切片，TUNEL法标记，光镜观察。结果显示，大鼠胸腺淋巴细胞、闭锁卵袍和小肠绒毛顶部上皮细胞均有凋亡。所标记的凋亡细胞具有环形核、核浓缩或新月形及凋亡小体等典型形态学特征。胎儿视网膜神经上皮细胞凋亡发生在第8－18周；节细胞凋亡发生在第12—21周；视细胞凋亡发生在第14－ZI周。双极神经元和Milller细胞凋亡从第14周持续到27周；大干28周胎儿及成人视网膜内无细胞凋亡。b－FGF和TGF－p免疫阳性反应出现于视网膜神经上皮（8－13周）、节细胞（16—26周）、视杆视锥细胞外节（22－29周）；GDNF、NT3、BDNF和Rb免疫阳性反应存在于星形胶质细胞、内核层细胞（18—29周）。B。l－2阳性反应仅出现于24—29周的Muller细胞，而bax阳性反应可在除节细胞外的所有机网膜细胞中见到（16－32周）。此外，本文结果同时提示，TUNEL法标记凋亡细胞敏感、稳定。正增值的神经上皮细胞和刚分化出的三种神经元皆有部分进入凋亡。已分化神经元凋亡的发生时间同它们与靶细胞建立突触的时间一致；神经元凋亡
In order to study the relationship between apoptosis and proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic retinal neurons, and to adjust the factors of apoptosis and proliferation and to verify the sensitivity and reliability of TUNEL, we collected 27 embryonic retina (8-38 weeks), adult retina Thymus, ovary and small intestine of 3 female SD rats and adult SD rats were made into paraffin sections by TUNEL method and observed with light microscope. The results showed that there was apoptosis in thymus lymphocytes, atopy ovaries and epithelial cells on the top of intestinal villus. The labeled apoptotic cells have typical morphological features such as annular nuclei, nuclear condensation or crescent and apoptotic bodies. Fetal retinal neuroepithelial cell apoptosis occurs at weeks 8-18; ganglion apoptosis occurs at weeks 12-21; and optic apoptosis occurs at week 14-ZI. Bipolar neurons and Milller apoptosis continued from week 14 to week 27; no apoptosis was observed in fetal and adult retinas after a 28-week dry period. The positive immunoreactivity of b-FGF and TGF-β appeared in retinal neuroepithelium (8-13 weeks), ganglion cells (16-26 weeks), rod outer segments (22-29 weeks), GDNF, NT3, BDNF And Rb immunoreactivity is present in astrocytes, inner nuclear cells (18-29 weeks). B. The l-2 positive reaction occurred only in Muller cells 24-29 weeks, whereas the bax positive reaction was seen in all the retinal cells except the nodose cells (16-32 weeks). In addition, the results of this article also suggest that TUNEL-labeled apoptotic cells are sensitive and stable. Positive proliferation of neuroepithelial cells and just differentiated into three neurons are part of the apoptosis. Differentiated neuronal apoptosis occurs at the same time they establish synapses with target cells; neuronal apoptosis