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美国目前有超过1 370万癌症幸存者,预计这一数字将会在未来10年增加31%,医疗保健体系中将新增400万癌症幸存者。癌症在很大程度上与衰老相关,人口衰老会急剧增加老年癌症幸存者比例,其中很多是长期幸存者(确诊后5年)。本文综述了运动可能改善残疾、跌倒、心脏病的作用,这3种健康问题对老年癌症幸存者和医疗保健体系尤为重要,因为这些与衰老相关的问题会因为癌症治疗而加剧。虽然有多种运动形式及其改编版本,太极拳可能是减缓衰老、解决癌症相关问题的最佳选择。对非癌症患者的老年人的研究显示,太极拳能引起骨骼肌和有氧代谢适应,而且由于耗能低、运动模式缓慢而易于让老年人完成。由于癌症幸存者大多年老、不活跃,经常因为治疗的副作用而行动受限,他们需要安全实用且有效的运动形式。当前缺少已发表的研究太极拳减缓癌症治疗相关的骨骼肌和心血管副作用的对照实验,可见,在探索应用这种非西方运动形式改善老年癌症幸存者的长期结果方面存在相当多的研究机遇。
There are currently more than 13.7 million cancer survivors in the United States and the number is expected to increase by 31% in the next 10 years and an additional 4 million cancer survivors in the health care system. Cancer is largely associated with aging, which can dramatically increase the proportion of elderly cancer survivors, many of whom are long-term survivors (5 years after diagnosis). This article reviews the effects of exercise on disability, falls, and heart disease. These three health problems are particularly important for older cancer survivors and the healthcare system because these aging-related problems are exacerbated by cancer treatment. Although there are many forms of exercise and their adapted versions, Tai Chi may be the best choice for slowing aging and solving cancer-related problems. Studies in the elderly with non-cancer patients show that Tai Chi can cause skeletal and aerobic metabolism to adapt to it and that it is easy for the elderly to accomplish due to low energy consumption and slow motor patterns. Because cancer survivors are mostly old and inactive and often have limited mobility due to the side effects of treatment, they require safe, functional and effective forms of exercise. The current lack of published controlled trials of Tai Chi to reduce skeletal and cardiovascular side effects associated with cancer treatment shows that there is considerable research opportunity to explore the application of such non-Western forms of exercise to improve the long-term outcomes of elderly cancer survivors.