近代以来,中国的仁人志士们始终未中断过对宪政的追求,宪政所蕴含的民主、人权、限权、法治等精神总能成为延绵不断的政治纷争和制度构建的焦点。中华人民共和国的成立是宪政理想初步实现的重要标志,新中国的缔造者创建的新国号承载着国人对宪政的期盼,“人民共和国”的国号凸显了宪政最为重要的制度装置——“民主”和“共和”及其有机结合。新中国之“新”不仅在于《宪法》序言中所阐明的革命成果,更体现在社会主义宪政在中国大地上具有了实践的政治社会条件,成为革命成功之后国人所 Since the modern times, the benevolent lofty ideals of China have never stopped their pursuit of constitutional government. The spirit of democracy, human rights, power limits and the rule of law contained in constitutional government can always become the focus of endless political disputes and system construction. The founding of the People’s Republic of China is an important symbol of the initial realization of the ideal of constitutional government. The new country created by the founder of the People’s Republic of China carries the expectation of the people on constitutional government. The “national republic of China” highlights the most important institutional setup of constitutional government - “Democracy” and “Republic” and their organic combination. The “new” of new China lies not only in the revolutionary achievements set forth in the Preamble of the Constitution but also in the political and social conditions of the socialist constitutional government on the vast land of China. After the success of the revolution,