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水资源短缺是影响黄土高原雨养农业发展的关键性因素,雨水资源开发是缓解该地区水资源短缺的有效措施.本研究利用管式TDR系统监测21年红富士老果园0~300 cm土层土壤含水率变化,分析了雨水集聚深层入渗(RWCI)系统下黄土高原旱作山地果园土壤水分时空分布特征.结果表明:RWCI系统能够显著增加果园土壤含水率,特别是40~80 cm土层(土壤含水率低值区)土壤含水率,在该区域,不同设计深度(40、60和80 cm)RWCI处理(RWCI_(40)、RWCI_(60)和RWCI_(80))年均土壤含水率分别较鱼鳞坑(CK)处理提高75.3%、85.4%和62.4%,分别较裸露坡地(BS)处理提高39.2%、47.2%和29.1%.RWCI_(40)、RWCI_(60)和RWCI_(80)处理土壤水分入渗最大深度分别为80、120和180 cm,显著深于CK处理(60 cm),其中土壤水分变化幅度最大的土层分别主要发生在0~60、0~100和0~120 cm.在果树整个生育期内,RWCI处理土壤平均含水率(0~300 cm)以RWCI_(80)处理最大,其次是RWCI_(40)和RWCI_(60)处理.总体来看,RWCI系统是黄土高原实现雨水资源化和农业高效用水的有效措施.
The shortage of water resources is the key factor that affects the development of rainfed agriculture in the Loess Plateau, and the development of rainwater resources is an effective measure to alleviate the shortage of water resources in this area.In this study, the TDR system was used to monitor the depth of 0 ~ 300 cm The results showed that: RWCI system can significantly increase the soil moisture content of orchard, especially in the 40 ~ 80 cm soil layer (RWCI_ (40), RWCI_ (60) and RWCI_ (80)) at different design depths (40, 60 and 80 cm) (40%), RWCI (60) and RWCI_ (80) increased by 75.3%, 85.4% and 62.4% respectively compared with the CK treatment, which increased by 39.2%, 47.2% and 29.1% The maximum depth of soil water infiltration was 80, 120 and 180 cm, which was significantly deeper than that of CK (60 cm), and the soil with the largest change of soil moisture mainly occurred in 0-60, 0-100 and 0-120 cm. During the whole growth period of fruit trees, RWCI average soil water content (0 ~ 300 cm) The largest, followed by RWCI_ (40) and RWCI_ (60) processing. Overall, RWCI system is an effective measure to achieve the Loess Plateau rain water resources and agricultural water use efficiency.