加速推进科技成果的转移及转化进程,已成为跨世纪世界经济变动的一个重要趋势。各国政府特别是发达国家政府都已认识到,技术转移不仅对于产业结构升级、经济发展至关重要,而且也是决定国际竞争能力的关键因素。20世纪70年代末,美国许多重要产业均被日本和欧洲一些国家超越,如汽 Acceleration of the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements has become an important trend in the economic transformation across the world during the past century. Governments, especially those in developed countries, have come to realize that technology transfer is not only crucial to upgrading the industrial structure and economic development, but also a key factor in determining international competitiveness. In the late 1970s, many important industries in the United States were surpassed by Japan and some European countries.