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利用碘吸附法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和小角x射线(SAXS)等测试方法对国内外企业生产的几种聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维原丝的形貌结构、组织结构和孔分布等微观结构进行了系统的测试与研究。结果表明,各种PAN纤维的表面均有沟槽、裂纹等缺陷;内部都存在着尺寸分布不均的孔结构,包括大孔和微孔。对各种纤维原丝碘吸附的数值进行对比分析发现,日本三菱和东丽公司生产的PAN纤维碘吸附数值小,纤维的致密性较高。对各种PAN纤维的SAXS测试结果分析发现,PAN纤维内都存在尺寸分布一定且具有一定取向性的微孔结构。这些微观结构对PAN纤维的性能有着不同的影响作用,并决定着由其生产的PAN基碳纤维的结构与性能。
The morphologies of several PAN-based carbon fiber precursors produced by domestic and foreign enterprises were characterized by iodine adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle x-ray spectroscopy (SAXS) , Organizational structure and pore distribution and other microstructures were systematically tested and studied. The results show that all the PAN fibers have defects such as grooves and cracks on the surface. There are pore structures with uneven distribution in size, including macropores and micropores. Comparative analysis of the iodine adsorption values of various fiber strands found that the PAN fibers produced by Japan’s Mitsubishi and Toray Industries have small amounts of iodine adsorption and higher fiber densification. Analysis of SAXS test results on various PAN fibers revealed that there are microporous structures with certain size distribution and certain orientation in PAN fibers. These microstructures have different effects on the properties of PAN fibers and determine the structure and properties of PAN-based carbon fibers produced therefrom.