目的:探讨原发性肺软骨瘤的CT表现、临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断、治疗、误诊的原因和预防。方法:手术前后三次CT随访观察40岁男性肺软骨瘤患者的CT表现、临床表现,对标本进行组织病理学染色观察,并复习文献,了解该肿瘤的特征。结果:原发性肺软骨瘤罕见,一般无特殊临床表现,CT及临床诊断常与肺错构瘤和肺结核球等良性病变混淆。组织学检查对鉴别诊断有帮助。因其有恶变可能,最好的治疗方法为完整切除。结论:原发肺的软骨瘤罕见,术前诊断困难,尤其对于无钙化病灶诊断更加困难,CT片对于临床术前良恶性疾病的鉴别有一定指导意义,最终的诊断还依赖于术后病理检查。 Objective: To investigate the CT manifestations, clinicopathological features, diagnosis and treatment of primary pulmonary chondroma and its causes and prevention. Methods: CT findings of 40-year-old male patients with pulmonary chondroma were observed before and after the operation. The CT appearance and clinical manifestations of the patients were observed. The histopathological staining of the specimens was observed. The literature was reviewed to understand the characteristics of the tumor. Results: Primary pulmonary chondrocytes were rare and generally had no special clinical manifestations. CT and clinical diagnosis were often confused with benign lesions such as pulmonary hamartoma and tuberculosis. Histological examination on the differential diagnosis helpful. Because of its malignant possible, the best treatment for complete removal. CONCLUSIONS: Primary lung chondroma is uncommon and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Especially it is more difficult to diagnose noncalcified lesions. CT is helpful for the identification of preoperative benign and malignant diseases. The final diagnosis also depends on postoperative pathological examination .