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目的了解徐州市感染性腹泻的病毒病原学特点和流行特征,为制定科学的防治策略提供理论依据。方法运用Real-Time PCR方法对2013-2015年徐州市腹泻病监测哨点医院采集的粪便标本进行病毒核酸检测;采用描述性流行病学分析方法对病原学监测结果进行分析。结果 2013-2015年共检测感染性腹泻标本1 351份,病毒阳性标本数为216份,阳性率为15.99%,其中轮状病毒检出率最高,其次为诺如病毒和星状病毒。2013-2015年腹泻病毒阳性检出率分别为28.08%、10.45%、9.91%,呈现逐年递减的趋势。2013-2015年,轮状病毒和星状病毒的检出率呈逐年下降趋势,诺如病毒的检出率呈逐年上升趋势。腹泻病毒检出高峰为5~7月和9~12月。5岁以下婴幼儿较其他年龄组更易感染。结论 2013-2015年徐州市感染性腹泻的主要致病病毒为轮状病毒、诺如病毒和星状病毒,各年的病毒病原学构成有所不同;具有明显的季节流行和人群分布特点,应加强病原学监测和疾病监测预警,针对重点人群和流行毒株适时采取有效防控措施。
Objective To understand the viral etiological characteristics and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea in Xuzhou and to provide a theoretical basis for formulating scientific prevention and control strategies. Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect the viral nucleic acid in stool samples collected from the sentinel hospital of diarrheal disease surveillance in 2013-2015 in Xuzhou City. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the etiological surveillance results. Results A total of 1 351 samples of infectious diarrhea were detected in 2013-2015. The number of positive samples was 216 and the positive rate was 15.99%. Rotavirus showed the highest detection rate, followed by norovirus and astrovirus. The positive rates of diarrhea virus from 2013 to 2015 were 28.08%, 10.45% and 9.91%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend year by year. The detection rate of rotavirus and astrovirus showed a declining trend from 2013 to 2015, and the detection rate of norovirus was on an upward trend year by year. The peak of diarrhea virus was detected from May to July and from September to December. Infants under 5 are more susceptible than other age groups. Conclusions The main pathogenic viruses of infectious diarrhea in Xuzhou City during 2013-2015 are rotavirus, norovirus and astrovirus, and the etiological composition of virus is different from year to year. It has the characteristics of seasonal epidemics and population distribution. Strengthen the etiological monitoring and early warning of disease surveillance, and take timely and effective prevention and control measures against key populations and epidemic strains.