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在工厂生产过程中,不安全、具危险性的因素有:原材料的可燃性和有害性;生产加工中的温度、压力、环境腐蚀;机器设备的磨损劣化;操作失误等。易对人体造成职业伤害的工厂灾害包括:火灾、爆炸、化学物质伤害;机器设备结构不合理;材料强度不够;零件老化;检修或操作不良等。工厂设备管理的目标之一,即防止工厂灾害,保障人身安全。美国设备工程师协会《设备工程》中规定了设备管理的5项职能:工厂设备的布置和设计;制造和安装;保养、修理及更新;公用设备运转;工厂灾害防止。工厂设备管理要从前期管理开始,在设计时考虑到设备的安全性和可靠性,在使用、维修阶段,注意设备范围的安全管理,防止作业人员受到伤害,防止设备、设施遭到损坏。
In the factory production process, unsafe and dangerous factors are: the flammability and harmfulness of raw materials; temperature, pressure, environmental corrosion in the production and processing; wear and tear of machinery and equipment deterioration; operational errors. Factory hazards that are likely to cause occupational injuries to the human body include: fire, explosion, chemical damage, improper structure of machinery and equipment, inadequate material strength, aging of parts, overhauling or poor operation. One of the goals of plant equipment management is to prevent plant disasters and ensure personal safety. American Society of Equipment Engineers “Equipment Engineering” provides for five functions of equipment management: factory equipment layout and design; manufacture and installation; maintenance, repair and update; public equipment operation; plant disaster prevention. Plant equipment management from the beginning of the management began to take into account the design of the safety and reliability of the equipment, the use and maintenance phase, pay attention to equipment-wide safety management to prevent workers from harm and prevent damage to equipment, facilities.