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介绍了一种基于马赫-曾德尔(M-Z)和萨格纳克(Sagnac)混合干涉仪原理的分布式光纤泄漏检测系统,阐述了系统的工作原理及对泄漏点的定位方法。分别在空气和水下环境中进行实验,并分别在泄漏点距离法拉第旋转镜4025、7043、9050 m处进行实验,检测不同环境以及不同泄漏点位置对检测系统的影响。在泄漏点距离法拉第旋转镜为7043 m处重复做了20次实验,测试检测系统的精确度。实验结果表明:在水下环境中实验所得的干涉信号频谱强度较大,频带较宽;泄漏点距法拉第旋转镜越远,实验结果所得的绝对误差越大;系统能够检测出管道内气体压力为0.5 MPa,泄漏孔径为2.5 mm的微小泄漏信号并对泄漏点定位,平均相对定位误差为1.44%。
A distributed optical fiber leakage detection system based on Mach-Zehnder hybrid and Sagnac hybrid interferometer is introduced. The working principle of the system and the method of locating the leakage point are described. Experiments were carried out in air and in the underwater respectively. Experiments were carried out at the points 4025, 7043 and 9050 m away from the Faraday rotator to detect the influence of different environments and locations of different leaks on the detection system. In the leak from the Faraday rotating mirror at 7043 m repeated 20 experiments to test the accuracy of the detection system. The experimental results show that the spectral intensity of the interference signal obtained in the underwater environment is large and the frequency band is wide. The farther the leakage point is from the Faraday rotating mirror, the larger the absolute error of the experimental result is. The system can detect the gas pressure in the pipeline as 0.5 MPa, leakage of 2.5 mm tiny leak signal leakage and positioning of the leak, the average relative positioning error of 1.44%.