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立法项目的确定关系着地方立法工作能否有序、高效地开展,是设区的市行使立法权的首要课题。科学的立法项目应该具备合法性、针对性和实效性三个因素,合法性因素要求立法项目应该在法律规定的范畴内确定,针对性因素要求立法项目应该以问题为导向着力解决社会管理中的现实问题,实效性因素要求立法项目能够综合考虑地方立法的实际需求及能力。在坚持依法立项、科学立项、民主立项、开门立项基本思路的同时,地方立法工作仍然面临着立法权限难界定、立法主动性不强、利益倾向难把握、立项机制不健全等法规立项的难题。梅州市作为《立法法》修改后广东省首批获得地方立法权的设区的市之一,具有立法经验欠缺、立法机制不全等典型特征。本文结合梅州市的立法实践,提出了科学确定立法项目的五个标准,以精准化的问题导向思路确定科学的立法项目,着力引导地方立法克服硬件障碍,使地方立法凸显地方特色、服务于地方法治。
The determination of the legislative items has an important bearing on whether the local legislative work can be carried out in an orderly and efficient manner and which is the primary task for the municipalities in the districts to exercise their legislative power. The scientific legislative project should have three factors: legitimacy, pertinence and effectiveness. The legitimacy requires the legislative project to be determined within the scope stipulated by law. The targeted factors require that the legislative project should be problem-oriented to solve the problems in social management Practical problems and actual effectiveness factors require that legislative projects can comprehensively consider the actual needs and capabilities of local legislation. While upholding the principle of establishing projects according to law, establishing scientific projects, establishing projects with democratization, and opening the door, the local legislative work is still confronted with such difficult problems as the difficulty of defining the legislative power, the weak legislative initiative, the tendency to grasp the interests, and the imperfect mechanism of the project. As one of the first districts in Guangdong Province to obtain the local legislative power after the revision of the Legislation Law, Meizhou has the typical characteristics of lack of legislative experience and incomplete legislative mechanism. Combining with the practice of legislation in Meizhou City, this article puts forward five criteria for scientifically determining the legislative project, confirms the scientific legislation project with the accurate problem orientation, tries to guide the local legislation to overcome the hardware obstacle, makes the local legislation highlight the local characteristics and serves the local Rule of law.