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反讽语言的独特性从根本上来看还在于一种更积极的语言意识,也就是杂语意识,如巴赫金所说,这是“文学上积极的语言意识”[1]。在巴赫金眼中,标准语具有消极色彩,标准语这个概念本身就包含了使语言与质料(内容)完全相脱离的可能性,使话语形式与所指——能指相脱离的可能性。巴赫金将杂语引入到小说修辞的研究中,他认为:“统一的民族语内部,分解成各种社会方言、各类集团的表达习惯、职业行话、各种文体的语言、各种人各种年龄的语言、
The uniqueness of the irony is fundamentally based on a more positive sense of language, namely the sense of miscellaneous language, as Bakhtin calls ”literary positive linguistic awareness.“ In Bakhtin’s eyes, the standard language has a negative color. The concept of standard language itself includes the possibility of completely separating the language from the material (content) and the possibility of disengaging the discourse form from the signified-signifier. Bakhtin introduced the language into the study of rhetoric in novels, he said: ”The unified national language, broken down into various social dialects, various groups of expression habits, professional jargon, a variety of style of language, all kinds of people Languages of all ages,