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目的了解云南省狂犬病流行病学特点,为防制提供依据。方法收集2008年云南省狂犬病疫情资料及狂犬病个案调查表,采用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果2008年全省共报告狂犬病发病死亡108例,病例分布于6个州市20个区县,发病率为0.25/10万。病例中男性与女性之比为2.6∶1;发病人群主要为犬伤农民,发病年龄以儿童和老人为主;潜伏期最短5 d,最长12年,多为1~3个月;病程最短1 d,最长13 d,多为2~4 d;全部病例中,44例被动物咬伤后未进行伤口处理,91例未接种狂犬病疫苗。结论狂犬病在滇东北和滇东南地区广泛分布,犬免疫率低和群众防病意识不强是狂犬病流行的主要原因,应加强该地区犬类的管理和免疫以及宣传教育和规范暴露后预防处置工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Yunnan Province and provide basis for prevention and control. Methods The data of rabies epidemic in Yunnan Province in 2008 and the rabies case questionnaire were collected and used to describe the epidemiological method for statistical analysis. Results In 2008, a total of 108 cases of rabies death were reported in the province. The cases were distributed in 20 districts and counties in 6 states with the incidence of 0.25 / 100000. The ratio of males to females in this case was 2.6: 1. The incidence of the disease mainly consisted of canine peasants. The age of onset was mainly children and the elderly. The shortest incubation period was 5 days and the longest was 12 years, mostly 1 to 3 months. The shortest course was 1 d, up to 13 days, mostly 2-4 days; in all cases, 44 cases were not treated by wounds after being bitten by animals, and 91 cases were not vaccinated against rabies. Conclusions Rabies is widely distributed in northeastern Yunnan and southeast Yunnan, and the low immunization rate and poor awareness of disease prevention are the main reasons for the rabies epidemic. The management and immunization of dogs in this area should be strengthened as well as publicity and education and normative post-exposure prevention and treatment .