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弹簧是机车车辆的重要零件之一,绝大部分用来承受车辆上部的重量或起缓冲作用。弹簧在使用过程中,其质量的好坏,直接关系到机车车辆的性能乃至铁路行车安全。当前,为提高弹簧的质量,延长其使用寿命,在弹簧的材料及强化工艺方面,开展了不少的研究试验工作,并取得了一些成效。现就这方面的问题作一简要介绍。一、弹簧的材料及其选用为了延长弹簧的使用寿命,使之起到应有的作用,弹簧材料必须具有高的屈服强度和高的疲劳极限;表面必须光滑。表面状态很重要,因为弹簧在反复载荷作用下,多数是由于表面缺陷发展而折损的。图1示出了
Spring is one of the important parts of rolling stock, most of which are used to withstand the weight of the upper part of the vehicle or play a buffer role. Spring in use, its quality is good or bad, is directly related to the performance of rolling stock and railway traffic safety. At present, in order to improve the quality of the spring and prolong its service life, a lot of research and experimental work have been carried out on the spring material and the strengthening process, and some achievements have been achieved. I will give a brief introduction on this issue. First, the spring material and its selection In order to extend the service life of the spring, to play its due role, the spring material must have high yield strength and high fatigue limit; the surface must be smooth. The surface condition is important because most springs are damaged by the development of surface defects under repeated loading. Figure 1 shows