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本论文探讨了超声波作为机械去污应用在纺织品的清洗。本实验将被炭黑或油酸污染的涤纶布(后面文章中称之为脏织物)与没有被污染的涤纶布(后面文章中称之为原织物)在有碱或者表面活性剂的水溶液中和没有碱或者表面活性剂的水溶液中一起用超声波、震荡和搅拌等三种去污方式来洗涤。三种去污方式的清洁度和污垢再沉积的现象用脏织物和原织物的表面折射率的变化来进行评价。实验发现超声波和震荡、搅拌相比能在较短的时间内和较低的浴比下有效地去除颗粒和油污。随着超声功率的增加,超声波去污的效果更好,超过了常用的Wascator洗衣机(一种横轴滚筒式洗衣机)。实验中还使用三种标准织物确定洗涤中机械作用对织物造成的损伤大小,结果显示超声波对织物几乎没有造成损伤。然而,超声波清洗中污垢再沉积的现象经常被观察到,尤其是在低浴比条件下。
This paper explores the use of ultrasonic cleaning as a mechanical decontamination in textiles. This experiment will be carbon black or oleic acid polluting polyester cloth (hereinafter referred to as the dirty fabric) and non-polluted polyester cloth (hereinafter referred to as the original fabric) in an aqueous solution of alkali or surfactant Washed with three kinds of decontamination methods such as ultrasonic, shaking and stirring together with an aqueous solution without alkali or surfactant. The cleanliness of the three decontamination methods and the redeposition of dirt were evaluated by the change of the refractive index of the surface of the dirty fabric and the original fabric. Experiments show that ultrasonic and shock, compared to stirring in a short period of time and lower bath ratio effectively remove particles and oil pollution. Ultrasonic decontamination works better with increasing ultrasound power, surpassing the popular Wascator washing machine, a horizontal drum washer. In the experiment, three kinds of standard fabrics were also used to determine the damage caused to the fabric by the mechanical action during washing. The results showed that the ultrasonic wave caused almost no damage to the fabric. However, the phenomenon of soil redeposition in ultrasonic cleaning is often observed, especially at low bath ratios.