“公地悲剧”是现代环境法学,环境经济学以及产权理论分析的重要模型基础。文章针对“公地悲剧”及由其产生的一系列社会经济效应展开多角度、发散性的思维分析,以水资源为例,着重分析了水资源利用和污染的外部性,力图为当前环境政策、土地制度以及产权体系等提供可资参考的新思路。 “Tragedy of Commons ” is an important model base of modern environmental jurisprudence, environmental economics and property rights theory analysis. This paper analyzes the “tragedy of the commons” and the series of socio-economic effects it produces from a multi-angle and divergent thinking analysis. Taking the water resources as an example, this paper focuses on the externalities of water resources utilization and pollution, Environmental policy, land system and property rights system to provide reference for new ideas.