异化(alienation)原是德国古典哲学的一个术语。在黑格尔的哲学中,异化是指作为主体的绝对观念,在自我发展的过程中,到了一定程度就分裂出自身的对立面,这个对立面又作为外在的异己的力量来排斥主体。费尔巴哈则认为,人借助于幻想把人的本质异化为上帝,只有当人认识到上帝就是人的本质的异化,上帝的本质就是人的本质的时候,才能消除这种异化现象,破除对上帝的迷信。在西方现代派文学中,许多作家经常在自己的作品中,表现不同人物的异化现象。 Alienation was originally a term of German classical philosophy. In Hegel’s philosophy, alienation refers to the absolute idea as the main body. In the course of self-development, to a certain extent, it divides its own antinomy, and this antinomy rejects the subject as the external alien force. Feuerbach thinks that people alienate people’s essence into God by means of fantasy, and only when people realize that God is the alienation of human essence, the essence of God is the essence of human beings, can we eliminate such alienation and eliminate Superstition to God. In western modernist literature, many writers often show the dissimilation of different people in their works.