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福州市目前建设的各种建筑,选用常规的三种桩型,即沉管桩、冲(钻)孔桩及预制桩,是符合实际的。但这些桩型在施工中还存在着环境污染问题。 (1)沉管桩:福州的多层建筑,大都采用沉管灌注桩,桩长为15～23m,桩径为φ400、φ500两种。目前,无论是锤击沉管桩还是静压沉管桩,除了出现通常的断桩、缩颈、混凝土离析等技术同题外,都存在着振动、噪音和挤土同题,因此,沉管桩必须从管中取土,且不必用锤击或振动增强桩管的下沉能力。笔者认为,采用静压沉管,并在桩管内用长螺旋取土,在长螺旋端头设置喷射水泥砂浆的喷嘴,而长螺旋与静压桩管两者安装在导轨道上,可以分别升降施工。
The various types of buildings currently under construction in Fuzhou use the conventional three types of piles, ie, immersed pipe piles, punched (drilled) hole piles, and prefabricated piles, which are in line with reality. However, there are still environmental pollution problems in the construction of these piles. (1) Sinking pipe piles: Fuzhou’s multi-story buildings mostly use immersed tube cast-in-place piles with pile lengths of 15 to 23m and pile diameters of φ400 and φ500. At present, besides hammering sinking pipe piles or static pressure sinking pipe piles, in addition to the usual problems of broken piles, necking, and concrete isolation, there are vibration, noise, and soil excavation problems. Therefore, the immersed pipe The pile must be taken from the pipe and it is not necessary to use hammering or vibration to increase the sinking capacity of the pile pipe. The author believes that the use of static pressure immersed tube, and in the pile with a long spiral to take the soil, in the long spiral end set spray nozzles of cement mortar, and the long spiral and static pressure pile tube installed on the guide track, respectively, can be lifted construction .