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福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)是世界自然保护联盟认定的世界100种恶性外来入侵物种之一,在华南地区已对水稻生产造成严重危害。本研究将福寿螺按照壳高(H)分为小螺(5mm≤H<15mm)、中螺(15mm≤H<25mm)、大螺(25mm≤H<35mm)和超大螺(35mm≤H<45mm),通过室内毒性试验,探讨了化学肥料石灰氮(氰氨化钙)对不同体型福寿螺的毒性效应。结果表明:石灰氮对不同大小福寿螺毒性效应显著,尤其是对中小福寿螺具有很强的抑制和杀灭作用;石灰氮处理7d后,最低浓度0.2g·L-1处理造成71%死亡率,其他处理死亡率均在95%以上,其中3.0和5.0g·L-1处理中福寿螺全部死亡;石灰氮对不同大小福寿螺的半抑制浓度(24h)和半致死浓度(96h)大小顺序均为小螺<中螺<大螺<超大螺;石灰氮对福寿螺的抑制效应显著,其对福寿螺的平均半抑制浓度为0.08～0.39g·L-1;1.0和5.0g·L-1浓度的石灰氮处理24h后,福寿螺鰓组织SOD酶活性呈极显著下降,分别为对照的41%和60%。本研究表明,石灰氮在入侵生物福寿螺的防治方面有一定应用潜力,有望成为一种新型的“杀螺肥料”。
Pomacea canaliculata is one of the 100 vicious invasive alien species in the world identified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which has caused serious damage to rice production in southern China. In this study, the snails were divided into three groups according to the shell height (H): small snail (5mm≤H <15mm), middle snail (15mm≤H <25mm), large snail (25mm≤H <35mm) ), Toxic effects of chemical fertilizer lime nitrogen (calcium cyanamide) on different size snails were studied through indoor toxicity test. The results showed that: Lime nitrogen had significant toxicity to Flos Lonicerae of different sizes, especially for Loxodifacia meridionalis. After treated with lime nitrogen for 7 days, the lowest concentration of 0.2 g · L-1 resulted in a 71% mortality rate and the other The mortality rates were all above 95%, of which 3.0 and 5.0g · L-1 all died. The half-inhibitory concentration (24h) and semi-lethal concentration (96h) The results showed that the average inhibitory concentration of lime nitrogen was 0.08 ~ 0.39g · L-1; the lime nitrogen treatments of 1.0 and 5.0g · L-1 After 24 h, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of Flos lokum gill showed a very significant decrease, which was 41% and 60% of the control, respectively. This study shows that lime nitrogen has certain potential application in the prevention and control of Invader biological snails, is expected to become a new type of “snail fertilizer.”