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随着农业生产的发展,化肥的施用量迅速增加,但化肥的利用率很低,一般在25—50%。各种氮肥如碳酸氢铵、硫铵、尿素施入土壤后,经亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌把铵态氮(NH_4~+)转化成为容易流失的硝态氮(NO_3~-)。硝态氮再经反硝化作用成为气态氮如 N_2O,N_2等而散失于大气中,从而造成大量氮的损失。为了提高氮肥利用率,减少氮肥损失,我们应用国产三种增效剂,研究了它们对亚硝化菌的抑制效能,对土壤有益微生物的影响及对作物的药害。田间试验在我校试验站进行,供试作物为大豆、小麦和玉米。主要结果如下:通过试验,硫铵对小麦当季的利用率为52%左右,尿素为48%。加施 CP 增效剂提高利用率5—7%
With the development of agricultural production, the application of chemical fertilizers rapidly increases, but the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is very low, generally 25-50%. Various nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and urea were applied to the soil to convert ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 +) to nitrite nitrogen (NO 3 - -) which was easily lost by nitrosobacteria and nitrobacteria. Nitrate is then denitrified to become gaseous nitrogen, such as N 2 O, N 2, which is lost in the atmosphere, resulting in a large loss of nitrogen. In order to improve the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer, we applied three kinds of domestic synergist to study their inhibitory effect on nitrosobacteria, the impact on soil beneficial microorganisms and crop injury. Field trials at our school test station, the test crops are soybeans, wheat and corn. The main results are as follows: Through the test, the utilization rate of ammonium sulfate to wheat in the season is about 52% and the urea is 48%. Plus CP synergist to improve utilization 5-7%