位于陆壳与洋壳之上的大陆边缘记录了大陆裂解-大洋打开的全部过程,是研究地球动力学的重要场所。南海北部深水区盆地位于南海北部大陆边缘,新生代盆地表现为裂陷期盆地、裂后拗陷期盆地及裂后洋盆沉降期盆地3层结构。裂陷期盆地表现为一系列地堑及半地堑结构,拗陷盆地表现为中间厚两侧薄的“碟形”盆地特征,裂后拗陷期盆地表现为大陆坡局部加厚,向南海洋盆方向厚度逐渐减薄的“挠曲”盆地形态。南海北部深水区盆地经历了3期构造演化过程,盆地表现出不同的动力学机制。裂陷期盆地受地幔物质上涌影响表现为水平伸展作用为主,盆地内普遍发育伸展构造样式,裂后拗陷期盆地表现为区域均匀沉降特征。而裂后洋盆沉积期受南海强烈沉降作用的影响表现出明显的向南海洋盆倾斜特征。大陆架-陆坡-深海平原的构造格局主要形成于裂后洋盆沉降期。南海及其北部盆地下伏地幔物质活动的差异性决定了盆地内的3层结构的形成演化过程。 The continental margin above continental and oceanic crust records the entire process of continental cleavage-ocean opening and is an important place to study the geodynamics of the earth. The deep-water basin in the northern South China Sea is located on the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. The Cenozoic basins are characterized by a three-layer structure of the rifting basin, the post-fault depression basin and the subsidence basin. The basin in rifting period showed a series of graben and semi-graben structures. The depression basin was characterized by a thin “disc ” basin on both sides of the middle thickness. The basin after the post-fracture depression was characterized by local thickening of the continental slope, The thickness of the ocean basin toward the south gradually thinning “bend ” basin morphology. The deep-water basin in the northern South China Sea experienced three tectonic evolution processes, and the basins showed different kinetic mechanisms. In rifted-up basin, the horizontal uplift is mainly influenced by the upwelling of mantle material, and extensional tectonic styles are generally developed in the basin. The basin is characterized by uniform subsidence in the post-fracture depression. The oceanic basin after the split sedimentation by the strong sedimentation in the South China Sea showed a significant tilt to the south ocean basin features. The continental shelf-continental slope-deep ocean plain is mainly formed in the subsidence period after the split ocean basin. The differences in the material activities of the underlying mantle beneath the South China Sea and its northern basin determine the evolution of the three-layer structure within the basin.