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为了解我国海水养殖业的自身污染状况,本文利用2014年全国海水养殖产量及主要养殖生物产污系数等数据对我国海水养殖活动氮、磷的产出量进行了初步评估。结果显示,全国海水增养殖区氮、磷年产出量分别达到29.3万t和9.7万t。其中,投饵性养殖生物(鱼类、甲壳类等)总氮、总磷产出量分别达到3.9万t和0.6万t,非投饵性养殖生物(滤食性贝类)总氮、总磷产出量分别达到25.4万t和9.1万t。与全国陆源污染物排海量相比,海水养殖总氮、总磷产出量分别约占江河总氮、总磷排海量的10.0%和36.1%;同时,海水养殖总氮、总磷产出量已分别超过排污口氨氮、总磷的排海量,分别约为二者的5.6倍和7.2倍。因此,海水养殖自身污染已成为我国近岸海域重要污染源之一,应引起相关部门的足够重视。
In order to understand the pollution status of China’s mariculture industry, this paper makes preliminary assessment on the output of nitrogen and phosphorus in mariculture activities in China based on the data of 2014 national mariculture production and main culture bio-production coefficient. The results showed that the annual output of nitrogen and phosphorus in the seawater aquaculture zone reached 293,000 t and 97,000 t respectively. Among them, total nitrogen and total phosphorus output of feeding organisms (fish, crustacea, etc.) reached 39,000 t and 6,000 t, respectively. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus in non-feeding organisms Output reached 254,000 t and 91,000 t respectively. Compared with the national discharge of terrestrial pollutants, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus production in marine aquaculture accounted for 10.0% and 36.1% of the total nitrogen and total phosphorus emissions in the sea respectively. At the same time, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus output Over the sewage outfall ammonia nitrogen, total discharge of phosphorus, respectively, about 5.6 times and 7.2 times the two. Therefore, its own pollution of mariculture has become one of the important sources of pollution in coastal waters of our country, which should arouse enough attention of relevant departments.