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目的分析昆明市1981～2010年狂犬病流行特点,探讨昆明市狂犬病发病相关因素。方法收集1981～2010年昆明市狂犬病疫情资料进行总结和分析。结果 1981～2010年共报告狂犬病89例,49.44%的病例伤后未进行处理,仅3例病例注射了狂犬病疫苗,但均未完成免疫程序。潜伏期最短7d,最长12年,潜伏期中位数为46d。96.63%病例致伤动物为犬,犬密度最高为42条/100人,目前为7条/100人,但农村地区远远不止于此;犬免疫率不足10%。结论犬密度高而犬免疫率低,疾病危害认识不足、暴露后治疗率低,犬伤门诊设置不合理、处置不规范,是造成昆明市狂犬病流行的主要原因。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies from 1981 to 2010 in Kunming and to explore the related factors of rabies in Kunming. Methods The data of rabies epidemic in Kunming from 1981 to 2010 were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 89 cases of rabies were reported from 1981 to 2010, 49.44% of cases were not treated after rabies. Only 3 cases were injected with rabies vaccine, but none of them completed the immunization procedure. The shortest incubation period of 7d, up to 12 years, the median latency was 46d. 96.63% of the animals were dogs, with the highest dog density of 42/100, currently 7/100, but far more than in rural areas; dog immunization rate of less than 10%. Conclusion The high density of dogs, low immunization rate of dogs, lack of understanding of disease hazards, low post-exposure treatment rate, unreasonable setting of dog clinic, and non-standard treatment are the main causes of rabies prevalence in Kunming.