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铅(Pb)是环境中常见的一种亲神经毒物。随着Pb的广泛应用,人体接触Pb机会随之增多。长期低水平Pb暴露、蓄积以及过量吸收,可在细胞水平、细胞内水平以及分子水平上对神经系统产生一系列的毒性作用。Pb可选择性地蓄积在大脑海马,并引起一系列的病理生理改变,如海马神经元凋亡、长时程增强(LTP)改变、影响神经递质释放和基因表达调控等,从而影响学习记忆功能。Pb可以在不同的调控水平,包括海马第1、2、3信使系统,产生广泛的生物学效应,可导致神经细胞凋亡、智力、记忆力、神经行为障碍。
Lead (Pb) is a common type of neurotropic toxicant in the environment. With the wide application of Pb, the chance of human exposure to Pb will increase. Long-term low levels of Pb exposure, accumulation and excessive absorption can produce a series of toxic effects on the nervous system at the cellular level, intracellular level and molecular level. Pb can selectively accumulate in the hippocampus of the brain and cause a series of pathophysiological changes, such as apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, changes of long-term potentiation (LTP), affecting the release of neurotransmitters and regulation of gene expression, thus affecting learning and memory Features. Pb can exert a wide range of biological effects at different regulatory levels, including the first, second and third messenger systems in the hippocampus, leading to neuronal apoptosis, intelligence, memory, and neurobehavioral disorders.