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【目的】研究叶片矿质营养元素含量的季节性变化,对探明植物体中营养元素的丰缺状况、调控养分代谢、提高果实产量和改善品质具有重要意义。本研究结合常山胡柚园土壤养分状况,通过连续4年施用钙肥和硼肥,研究钙、硼对常山胡柚叶片矿质营养元素含量的季节变化、果实产量及品质的影响。【方法】采用田间定位试验,以13年生枳砧常山胡柚为试验材料,设4个处理,1)CK(对照);2)Ca(每株0.5 kg生石灰粉);3)B(每株25 g硼砂);4)Ca+B(每株0.5 kg生石灰粉+25 g硼砂)。于试验的第4年采集常山胡柚不同生长期当年生春梢叶片及成熟期果实样品,并对常山胡柚叶片矿质营养元素含量的季节变化、果实品质进行分析。【结果】常山胡柚叶片各矿质养分在果实逐渐成熟过程中总体呈现先增后降的变化规律,其中叶片氮(N)、钾(K)、镁(Mg)和锌(Zn)在果实坐果期达到最大值,磷(P)在果实膨大前中期(8月份)到达最大值,钙(Ca)、硼(B)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)和铜(Cu)在果实膨大后期(9月份)出现最高值。钙、硼肥施用均可提高常山胡柚果实各发育时期叶片Ca、B、N、K、Fe、Mn和Cu含量,但明显抑制叶片Zn的吸收,其中钙、硼配施对成熟叶片(8 9月份)Ca含量存在显著正交互效应,但对提高叶片B含量无显著交互作用。施钙、硼肥可不同程度提高常山胡柚2年平均产量,增产率达到1.8%21.4%,其中各处理增产率顺序为Ca+B>B≥Ca,且单施硼可显著提高2年累积产量,钙硼配施对单年产量、2年平均产量均存在显著正交互效应。钙、硼肥单施对果实品质无显著性影响,但钙硼配施可显著降低可滴定酸含量,显著提高固酸比。【结论】常山胡柚坐果期(4月份)为叶片N、P、K、Mg和Zn吸收的关键时期,果实膨大期(8 9月份)为叶片Ca、B、Fe、Mn和Cu吸收的重要时期。钙、硼配施既可明显提高常山胡柚叶片中矿质营养元素含量(P和Zn除外),又能显著提高果实产量和品质。
【Objective】 Seasonal changes of mineral nutrient elements in leaves are of great significance in determining the abundance and deficiency of nutrients, regulating nutrient metabolism, increasing fruit yield and improving quality. In this study, the soil nutrients of Changshan Huyou Garden were analyzed, and the effects of calcium and boron on the seasonal changes of mineral nutrient elements, the yield and quality of the fruit were studied by applying calcium fertilizer and boron fertilizer for four consecutive years. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted in this experiment. The 13-year-old Hohhot, Changshan Huyou was treated with 4 treatments including 1 CK (control), 2 Ca (0.5 kg lime powder per plant), 3) 25 g borax); 4) Ca + B (0.5 kg lime powder per plant + 25 g borax). In the fourth year of the experiment, Changshenghu pomelo was collected from spring leaf shoots and ripening fruits in different growing periods, and the seasonal changes of mineral nutrient elements and the fruit quality were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that the contents of N, K, Mg and Zn in the leaves of Changshan huyao leaf showed the first increase and then decreased in the process of fruit ripening. (P) reached the maximum value in the middle and mid-term of fruit enlargement (August). Calcium (Ca), boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (September) the highest value. The contents of Ca, B, N, K, Fe, Mn and Cu in leaves of Changshan Huyou fruit at different growth stages could be increased by calcium and boron fertilizers, but the absorption of Zn was inhibited obviously. September) Ca content had a significant positive interaction, but there was no significant interaction to improve leaf B content. The application of calcium and boron fertilizers can improve the 2-year average yield of Changshan grapefruit to various extents, with the yield increasing rate of 1.8% and 21.4%, respectively. The yield increasing rate of each treatment is Ca + B> B> Ca, Yield, calcium and boron fertilizer on the single-year output, 2-year average yield there is a significant positive interaction. The single application of calcium and boron fertilizer had no significant effect on the fruit quality, but the combination of calcium and boron significantly reduced the content of titratable acid and significantly increased the ratio of solid to acid. 【Conclusion】 Changshan Huyou sowing date (April) is the key period for N, P, K, Mg and Zn uptake in leaves. The fruit enlargement period (August and September) is important for Ca, B, Fe, Mn and Cu uptake period. The application of calcium and boron can not only significantly increase the content of mineral nutrients (except P and Zn) in the leaves of Changshan Huyou, but also significantly increase the fruit yield and quality.