1688年光荣革命之后,詹姆斯二世及其支持者并未放弃复辟的企图,屡次掀起武装叛乱。在社会、宗教、文化都处于分裂状态的苏格兰,由于1707年与英格兰的合并没有马上带来预期的正面效果,形势更为严峻。自1689年到1746年,詹姆斯党在苏格兰发动了多次叛乱,但均遭失败。1746年的库洛登战役最终结束了长达半个多世纪的詹姆斯党叛乱,也为苏格兰社会的整合扫清了障碍。苏格兰人得以根除政治动荡的土壤,从而迎来了从18世纪下半叶延续至19世纪的黄金发展时代。 After the glorious revolution of 1688, James II and his supporters did not give up their attempt to restore and repeatedly set off armed insurgencies. In Scotland, where society, religion and culture are both divided, the situation is even more severe as the merger with England in 1707 did not immediately bring the expected positive results. From 1689 to 1746, the James Party launched many rebellions in Scotland, but both failed. The Culloden Campaign in 1746 ended the more than half a century of the James Rebellion and cleared the way for the integration of Scottish society. The Scots were able to root out the soil of political turmoil and usher in an era of gold development that lasted from the second half of the 18th century to the 19th century.