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同异问题是中西哲学史上的重大问题。在西方它主要表现为一多范畴系统的讨论,但柏拉图犯了把理念认识论用到社会政治现实的“范畴误置”的错误,拿抽象理论排斥事实,拿理性排斥感性。中国哲学史上同异关系涉及学术、政治、文化、现实生活的方方面面。中国古代哲学家重视同异关系,并运用相关认识处理君臣、官民、人际和身心关系。他们较早认识到好同恶异、党同伐异的危害性。当下的我们需要回到感性的、事实的、经验的立场上来,直面意见纷呈、信息充实活跃的生活世界。打破一切形而上学同一性的政治学圭臬,超越肤浅、狭隘、机械的同异观,走出理想主义和教条主义偏执,以现实、感性、多样和差异性的事实为基础,实现包容性,培植共存兼容的复杂性、复合型、协调性思维模式,实现不同主体之间的平等、公正和团结。
The same-difference problem is a major issue in the history of philosophy in both China and the West. In western countries, it mainly manifests itself as a multi-category system. However, Plato made the mistake of using “category misclassification” of concept epistemology in social and political reality, rejecting facts by abstract theory and rejecting sensibility by reason. The same-neighbor relationship in the history of Chinese philosophy involves all aspects of academic, political, cultural and real life. Ancient Chinese philosophers value the same-to-different relations and apply relevant knowledge to deal with the relationship between monarch, official, civil, interpersonal and physical and psychological. Earlier, they realized that good and evil, the harmfulness of the party with the same cut. The moment we need to return to emotional, factual, empirical position, face the views of the rich, vibrant and active life of the world of information. To break through the political science of all metaphysical identities beyond the superficial, narrow and mechanical perspectives of paranoia and out of the paranoid idealism and dogmatism, based on the facts of reality, sensibility, variety and diversity, to achieve inclusiveness and cultivate coexistence and compatibility Complex, complex and coordinated mode of thinking to achieve equality, fairness and unity among different subjects.