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[目的]了解城市社区居民高血压流行状况,分析主要危险因素。[方法]2011年5月,在海口市慢性病管理系统中,从秀英区的长流社区、西秀社区中的18岁以上常住居民,随机抽取3 000人,对其高血压健康档案、调查问卷、体检资料进行统计分析。[结果]3 000名18岁以上居民中,有高血压患者447例,患病率为14.90%。高血压患病率,男性为12.80%,女性为16.88%(P<0.01);18～29岁为5.47%,30～49岁为14.64%,50～69岁为18.15%,70～100岁为14.93%(P<0.01);无高血压家族史者为13.91%,有家族史者为19.84%(P<0.01);体重指数<18.5的为0.80%,18.5～22.9的为13.60%,23～24.9的为14.21%,25～29.9的为17.29%,≥30的为22.22%(P<0.01);经常饮酒或有害饮酒1年以上者为27.03%,不饮酒或偶尔饮酒者为11.19%(P<0.01);高盐者为19.09%,低盐者为11.54%(P<0.01)。高血压组与血压正常组,冠心病患病率分别为9.17%、0.39%(P<0.01),糖尿病患病率分别为21.70%、1.25%(P<0.01);脑血管病患病率分别为6.94%、0.27%(P<0.01)。447例高血压患者中,高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为54.14%、85.46%、43.40%。[结论]秀英区城市社区居民高血压现患率较低,年龄大、高血压家族史、体重指数大、饮酒、高盐是高血压发病的可能危险因素。
[Objective] To understand the prevalence of hypertension in urban community residents and analyze the main risk factors. [Methods] In May 2011, chronic disease management system in Haikou City, from the long-stream community in Xiuying District and the permanent residents over 18 years old in Xiuxiu community, randomly selected 3 000 people. The health records of hypertension were investigated Questionnaire, physical examination data for statistical analysis. [Results] Of the 3 000 inhabitants over 18 years old, there were 447 cases of hypertension with the prevalence of 14.90%. The prevalence of hypertension was 12.80% in males and 16.88% in females (P <0.01), 5.47% at 18-29 years, 14.64% at 30-49 years, 18.15% at 50-69 years, 14.93% (P <0.01). The family history of hypertension was 13.91%, family history was 19.84% (P <0.01), body mass index <18.5 was 0.80%, 18.5-22.9 was 13.60% 14.21% in 24.9, 22.22% in ≥25 (P <0.01), 17.29% in 25-29.9%, 27.03% in those who regularly or harmfully consumed alcohol for more than one year, and 11.19% for those who did not drink alcohol or occasionally <0.01), 19.09% in high-salt and 11.54% in low-salt (P <0.01). The prevalence of coronary heart disease was 9.17% and 0.39% respectively in hypertension group and normal blood pressure group (P <0.01). The prevalence of diabetes was 21.70% and 1.25% respectively (P <0.01). The prevalence of cerebrovascular disease were 6.94% and 0.27% respectively (P <0.01). Among 447 hypertensive patients, the awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of hypertension were 54.14%, 85.46% and 43.40% respectively. [Conclusion] The present prevalence rate of hypertension is low in urban residents in Xiuying District. The older age, the family history of hypertension, body mass index, alcohol consumption and high salt are the possible risk factors of hypertension.