膀胱输尿管返流(vesico-ureteral reflux,VUR)是指尿液自膀胱返流到输尿管。1893年Pozzi最初观察到人的VUR,并注意到是不正常现象。此后,1916～1929年间国外多人发现了返流与泌尿系感染(urinary tract infection,UTI)间的关系。近年来,国内也陆续出现了有关VUR的报道,并引起儿科临床的重视。病因与发病机理正常情况下,输尿管膀胱段在进入膀胱时和膀胱壁成一钝角,斜折向下、向内通过膀胱壁层,并有一定长度在膀胱粘膜下潜行,然后在膀胱三角区输尿管间嵴外侧端呈裂隙状开口。输尿管膀胱段仅有平行纵 Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) refers to the return of urine from the bladder to the ureter. Pozzi first observed human VUR in 1893 and noticed that it was not normal. Since then, many people from 1916 to 1929 discovered the relationship between reflux and urinary tract infection (UTI). In recent years, there have been reports of VUR in China one after another, which arouse the clinical attention of pediatrics. Etiology and pathogenesis Under normal circumstances, the ureter of the bladder into the bladder and bladder wall into an obtuse angle, oblique down, inward through the bladder wall, and a certain length of sneak in the bladder mucosa, and then in the bladder trigone ureter Crista lateral fissure-like opening. Ureteral paragraph only parallel to the bladder