在高温下对工业中应用的纯金属和合金进行压力加工时,必须防止其氧化和气体饱和。为了解决这个问题,最近几年来,苏联和国外都掌握了在真空中和气体保护气氛中进行金属压力加工(轧制、挤压和锻造)的方法。上述加工方法对于生产不能在空气中进行压力加工的异种组元的双金属件也是极有前途的。迄今,对在真空中和气体保护气氛中对热态金属进行压力加工时发生的现象和加工过程,无论在理论上或实验上都研究得很 When working with pure metals and alloys used in the industry at high temperatures, they must be protected from oxidation and gas saturation. In order to solve this problem, in recent years, the Soviet Union and abroad have mastered the methods of metal pressure processing (rolling, pressing and forging) in a vacuum and atmosphere of gas protection. The above processing method is also very promising for producing bimetallics of dissimilar components that can not be pressure machined in air. To date, the phenomena and processes that occur in the hot working of metals in vacuum and gas atmospheres have been well studied both theoretically and experimentally