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景观多功能性是景观生态学研究的热点领域,需要一种既能体现景观多功能整体性,又能表征各功能间独立性的表达方法。本文以北京及其周边地区为研究区,以500m栅格为最小评价单元,使用空间化的统计数据表征物质生产功能,使用植被生物量与土壤含碳量之和表征碳汇功能,使用潜在水土流失量与实际水土流失量的差值表征土壤保持功能,使用生态系统服务功能的评估结果表征生境维持功能,使用人口空间化数据表征居住功能。在计算5种景观功能强度后,通过自组织特征映射模型将土地栅格进行聚类分析。研究结果表明:景观功能强度具有空间异质性。景观功能强度可分为以农地为优势景观,以物质生产为主要功能的农业功能区域;以农地和城市用地为优势景观,以居住和碳汇为主要功能的城市功能区域;以林草地为优势景观,以土壤保持和生境维持为主要功能的生态功能区域;以及优势景观不明显,各项功能均衡发展的过渡功能区域4类。该分类方法既可较好地表达多功能景观的功能分异和空间分异,又能为其研究土地利用和生态管理实践提供理论依据。
Landscape versatility is a hot area of research in landscape ecology and requires an expression method that reflects the multi-functional integrity of the landscape and characterizes the independence between functions. In this paper, Beijing and its surrounding areas as the research area, 500m grid as the minimum evaluation unit, the use of spatial statistical data to characterize the material production function, the use of vegetation biomass and soil carbon content and carbon sink function, the use of potential soil and water The difference between the amount of soil loss and the amount of soil erosion indicates the soil conservation function, and uses the evaluation results of ecosystem services to characterize the habitat maintenance function and uses the population spatialization data to characterize the residential function. After calculating five kinds of landscape function intensity, the land raster was clustered by self-organizing feature mapping model. The result shows that the landscape function intensity has the spatial heterogeneity. The landscape function intensity can be divided into agricultural functional areas with agricultural land as the dominant landscape and material production as the main function; urban functional areas with agricultural land and urban land as dominant landscape and residential and carbon sink as main functions; As the dominant landscape, the ecological function areas with the main functions of soil conservation and habitat maintenance as well as the four transitional function areas with obvious advantages of obvious landscape and balanced development of various functions. The classification method not only can express functional differentiation and spatial differentiation of multi-functional landscape well, but also provide theoretical basis for its research on land use and ecological management practices.