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《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》(ICESCR)对于保护妇女的人权有着至关重大的作用。公约加以保障的实体性权利以及从反歧视角度着眼而特别加以强调的程序,把这一重要性体现得十分清楚。本公约现在共有151个签约国,相形之下,《消除对妇女的各种形式歧视公约》(CEDAW)则已获得180个国家正式批准。如果说后者乃是一枚避雷针,用以应对促进女权所遭遇的阻力,前者却不是这样。为了反对歧视妇女,尤其是在CEDAW遭遇保守势力强烈阻击的穆斯林世界,《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》有可能成为一种特别有效的工具。尽管如此,有论者声称,负责监测《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》实施情况的经济、社会和文化委员会有必要进一步明细规定它对妇女问题的管辖权力。本文从这一复杂的背景出发,探讨《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》在反对妇女歧视方面的功能,就中特别考察了于1989年成为本公约签约国的阿尔及利亚这个个案。
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) has a crucial role to play in protecting the human rights of women. The importance of substantive rights guaranteed by the Convention and procedures especially emphasized from an anti-discrimination perspective is clearly understood. There are now 151 signatories to the Convention, whereas the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) has been formally ratified by 180 nations. If the latter is a lightning rod, to deal with the resistance to the promotion of women’s rights, the former is not the case. In order to combat discrimination against women, especially in the Muslim world where CEDAW is strongly deterred by conservative forces, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights may become a particularly effective tool. Nevertheless, some commentators claim that it is necessary for the economic, social and cultural commission responsible for monitoring the implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to further elaborate its jurisdiction over women’s issues. Starting from this complex background, this article explores the function of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in combating discrimination by women and examines in particular the case of Algeria, a country signatory to this Convention in 1989.