一年多来,世界石油市场形势发生了令人瞩目的变化。在石油生产供过于求和现货油价不断下跌的情况下,以石油输出国组织为核心的第三世界产油国同西方石油垄断公司之间进行了一场新的激烈的较量。 石油市场上的角逐 面对资本主义世界经济长期“滞胀”和油价上涨的局面,近二三年来,西方主要石油消费国加快了能源节约与替代的步伐,石油消费量逐年下降。一九七九年至一九八一年的三年间,西方世界每日石油需求量由五千二百四十万桶下降为四千六百二十万桶。与此同时,世界上却涌现出一批新的产油国,例如,北 Over the past year or so, the world oil market has undergone dramatic changes. In the case of oversupply of oil production and falling spot oil prices, a third fierce contest has taken place between third-world oil-producing countries with OPEC as the core and western oil monopolies. Competition in the oil market Facing the long-term “stagflation” of the capitalist world economy and rising oil prices, in the past two or three years, major oil-consuming countries in the West have accelerated the pace of energy conservation and substitution, and oil consumption has been declining year by year. In the three years from 1979 to 1981, the daily oil demand in the western world fell from 52.4 million barrels to 46.2 million barrels. At the same time, a number of new oil-producing countries have emerged in the world, for example, the North