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当人体因各种原因而导致免疫功能严重受损时,肺部常同时合并有各种病变存在,使原有的疾病更趋复杂,且影响患者的预后,甚至可导致死亡。因此如能尽早确诊,并及时处理,无疑可延长或挽回患者生命。但鉴于过去一般的 X 线摄片和痰液检查难以作出定性诊断,而一些损伤性的检查如开胸肺活检,诊断率较高,但对于免疫受损患者,并发症和病死率亦将增加,故也不宜普及采用。目前纤维支气管镜(简称纤支镜)得到广泛的应用,它对免疫受损患者肺部病变的诊断,业已证明是一种既安全而有效的检查方法。
When the human body for a variety of reasons leading to severe damage to immune function, the lung often combined with a variety of lesions exist, make the original disease more complex and affect the prognosis of patients, and even lead to death. Therefore, if diagnosed as soon as possible and promptly treated, it can undoubtedly prolong or restore the patient’s life. However, in view of the past, the general X-ray and sputum examination is difficult to make a qualitative diagnosis, and some invasive tests such as thoracotomy, a higher diagnostic rate, but for immunocompromised patients, complications and mortality will increase , So it should not be used universally. At present, fiberoptic bronchoscopy (referred to as bronchoscopy) has been widely used, its diagnosis of lung lesions in patients with immune compromised, has proven to be a safe and effective method of inspection.