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本文对两组分别应用离子型和非离子型造影剂(ICM 和 NICM)行常规血管造影(CA)、DSA和 CT 增强病例的造影剂不良反应(ADRs)作了回顾性分析.结果证实:(1)由于 ICM 的高渗透压、离子电荷和化学毒性,使其 ADRs 发生率高于 NICM;高危因子病例如选用 NICM,ADRs 将可明显减少;(2)经动脉注射造影的 ADRs 发生率高于经静脉注射法;(3)曾有 ICM 之 ADRs 病例,可以继续应用NICM;(4)由于低渗性 NICM 对血浆容量的增加和血管内造影剂的稀释影响甚小,故使用低于 ICM 所用的浓度或/和剂量的 NICM 进行同类检查仍可获得优质图像;(5)虽然 NICM 是一较安全的理想造影剂,但在高危人群仍必须谨慎应用。提出 NICM 合理选用的参考标准.
We retrospectively analyzed the adverse effects of contrast media (ADRs) on routine enhanced angiography (CA), DSA and CT in two groups of patients with and without ionic contrast agents (ICM and NICM) 1) The incidence of ADRs is higher than that of NICM due to the high osmotic pressure, ionic charge and chemical toxicity of ICM; ADRs can be significantly reduced in high-risk patients such as NICM; (2) The incidence of ADRs by arterial injection is higher than Intravenous injection; (3) NICM was continued with ADRs in ICM; (4) NICM was used less frequently than ICM because of the small effect of hypotonic NICM on plasma volume and intravascular contrast agent dilution (5) Although NICM is a safer and more ideal contrast medium, it must still be used with caution in high-risk groups. Proposed a reasonable selection of NICM reference standard.