一、美国的两种毒品戒治模式当前,美国的毒品戒治主要有两种模式:医疗体系毒品戒治模式和社会心理康复模式。医疗体系戒治模式预设的理论价值前提认为,毒品成瘾是一种长期的、易反复发作的脑疾病,应该通过医学方法予以治疗,使吸毒者的生理机能得到明显改善。鉴于此,许多国家采取合法且长期使用吗啡、杜冷丁、美沙酮、丁内喏啡等多元药物维持疗法对吸毒者进行治疗。但这只是姑息政策下的一种替代疗法,实际上是以毒性较低的毒品替代毒性强烈的海洛因。而社会心理康复模式则突出强调需要矫正吸毒人员的毒品依赖心理,以增强其社会的适应能力,主要由心理学工作者、社会工作者、康复咨询人员以及精神病医 First, the United States two drug control mode At present, the United States drug detention there are two main modes: medical system drug treatment mode and psychosocial rehabilitation model. The presupposition of the presumed theoretical value of the mode of abstinence and treatment in the medical system presupposes that drug addiction is a long-term and recurrent brain disease that should be treated by medical means, so that the physiological functions of drug addicts can be significantly improved. In view of this, many countries take legal and long-term use of morphine, dolantin, methadone, and other drugs to maintain maintenance therapy for drug users. But this is just an alternative treatment under palliative care, in effect replacing less toxic ones with the more toxic heroin. The psycho-social rehabilitation model, on the other hand, underlines the need to correct the drug dependence psychology of drug abusers in order to enhance their social adaptability, mainly by psychologists, social workers, rehabilitation consultants and psychiatrists