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目的了解深圳市福田区企业人类工效学现状及流水线作业劳动者人类工效学负荷、肌肉骨骼疾患现状。方法对辖区内20家小型企业进行人类工效学现场巡检,并对流水作业生产线上492名劳动者进行人类工效学负荷及肌肉骨骼疾患进行问卷调查。结果人类工效学巡检项目符合率为53.93%,港资企业在物料存放和运输、工作台、生产设备安全、照明等的符合率高于私营企业(P<0.05或P<0.01);流水线作业劳动者以长时间坐位工作、长时间同一姿势工作、上臂手指每分钟多次做同一动作、经常用手或臂取物、手腕长时间弯曲、手保持在肩及以下水平、经常稍微弯腰、经常稍微转身、颈部长时间前倾等负荷为主;流水线作业劳动者中,症状阳性率较高的身体部位为背部(39.02%)、肩肘部(38.21%),膝盖及以下部位最低(5.89%)。结论企业对人类工效学措施未给予足够重视,流水线作业劳动者背部、肩肘部、颈部、手腕/手掌疼痛等症状与其作业中相应部位典型工效学危险活动或姿势有关,应针对劳动者作业特点积极采取工效学手段进行干预。
Objective To understand the status of ergonomics and ergonomics burden of workers in line operation in Futian District of Shenzhen City and the status of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods Totally 20 small-scale enterprises in the area were inspected on the site of ergonomics, and questionnaires were conducted on 492 laborers on the assembly line in the area of ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders. Results The coincidence rate of ergonomic inspection items was 53.93%. The compliance rate of Hong Kong-owned enterprises in the field of material storage and transportation, workbench, production equipment safety and lighting was higher than that of private enterprises (P <0.05 or P <0.01) Workers to sit for a long time to work for a long time the same posture work, the upper arm fingers do the same action several times per minute, often with the arm or arm to take the object, the wrist flexed for a long time, keep the shoulder and below the level of the hand, often slightly bent, (39.02%), shoulders and elbows (38.21%), knees and below the lowest part (5.89%), the lower part of knees and below %). Conclusion The enterprises did not pay enough attention to the ergonomic measures. The back pain, shoulder and elbow, neck, wrists and palms of the line workers were related to the typical ergonomic dangerous activities or postures in their work. Actively adopt ergonomic means to intervene.