44.6 fs pulses from a 257 MHz, mode-locked non-polarization maintaining Er-doped fiber laser based on a biased nonlinear amplifying loop mirror are reported. The output power is 104 mW and the single-pulse energy is 0.4 nJ. The minimum pulse duration of t
The high-temperature sensitivity of the silicon material index limits the applications of silicon-based micro-ring resonators in integrated photonics. To realize a low but broadband temperature-dependent-wavelength-shift microring resonator, designing a b
In order to realize the planar gradient refractive index (GRIN) microlens which is based upon porous silicon (PSi) and fabricated on silicon on insulator (SOI), a novel anodization method is used by applying lateral electric field. The microlens with smoo