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目的探讨儿童孤独症的早期临床表现。方法选取孤独症确诊病例51例为孤独症组,健康儿童40例为健康对照组。采用自行设计的调查表对2组儿童18月龄内的社会交往、语言发育、兴趣行为进行回顾性分析,采用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计学分析。结果孤独症组儿童18月龄内社会交往、语言发育、兴趣行为等方面的表现与健康对照组比较具有统计学差异(Pa<0.05,0.01)。社会交往方面如没有社交性微笑、没有目光对视、不理会他人的面部表情、无社交模仿、叫其名字没有反应、对别人的讲话不感兴趣、对父母无依恋等;语言发育落后:如4～5个月仍然不会咿呀作语、7～8个月仍然不会喊爸爸、妈妈;兴趣行为异常:如对玩具不感兴趣、刻板动作、兴趣怪异等。孤独症儿童发现异常表现的平均年龄为22.55个月,平均确诊年龄为41.61个月。结论观察18月龄内婴幼儿的异常表现尤其是社会交往障碍有助于早期识别儿童孤独症;孤独症儿童确诊年龄晚,早期诊断亟待重视。
Objective To explore the early clinical manifestations of autism in children. Methods 51 cases diagnosed as Autism were selected as autism group and 40 healthy children as healthy control group. A self-designed questionnaire was used to retrospectively analyze the social interaction, language development and interest behavior of 18 children aged 18 months. SPSS11.5 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The autistic group showed significant differences in social interaction, language development, interest and behavior among 18-month-old children as compared with healthy controls (Pa, 0.05, 0.01). Social interaction, such as no social smile, no eye contact, ignoring the facial expressions of others, no social imitation, called his name did not respond, not interested in other people’s speech, no attachment to parents, etc .; language development behind: such as 4 ~ 5 months still do not die language, 7-8 months will still not call father, mother; abnormal behavior and behavior: If not interested in toys, stereotyped movements, weird and so interested. Autistic children found abnormal performance of the average age of 22.55 months, the average confirmed age was 41.61 months. Conclusion Observation of 18-month-old infants and young children’s abnormal performance, especially social communication disorders help to identify children with autism early; autistic children diagnosed late, early diagnosis urgently need attention.