偏光显微镜下测定透明矿物的光学性质和光学常数,已有悠久的历史,其方法也日益发展和完善。这同其他一切事物的发展一样,经历着逐步深化的过程,其中也同样存在各种不同认识水平的发展阶段。早在1896年就提出用二轴台获得消光曲线(方位)的方法,但是后来他又把二轴台发展为五轴台(万能旋转台)。近年来又有人提出六轴台,以及在五轴台中加旋转针等。在另一方面N.Joel等仅用一根简单的带有度盘的转针(或称轴台、旋针)解决了晶体光率体定位、折射率和光轴角测定等问题,以及仅用四个消光位作图获得光率体方位和光轴角值。更有人将旋针与电子计算机联用解决光率体定位、折射率和光轴角测定。有鉴于此,在透明矿物显微镜鉴定中应首先充分发挥偏光显微镜的作用,并使矿物光性鉴定和光学常数测定的设备和程序尽可能简化、方便易行。因而在转针基础上探讨晶体光率体方位和折射率变化之间的数学关系,以期 The determination of optical properties and optical constants of transparent minerals under a polarizing microscope has a long history and its methods are increasingly developed and perfected. Like all other things, this is undergoing a process of gradual deepening. There are also stages of development of different levels of understanding. As early as 1896, a method of obtaining the extinction curve (azimuth) with a biaxial stage was proposed, but later he developed the biaxial stage as a five-axis stage (universal stage). In recent years, someone proposed a six-axis platform, as well as five-axis Taichung plus rotating needles. On the other hand, N.Joel et al. Solved the problem of crystal body positioning, refractive index and optical axis measurement with only a simple rotating needle with a dial (or shaft table, needle) Four extinction bit mapping for optical body orientation and optical axis angle values. Someone will screw together with the computer to solve the optical body positioning, refractive index and optical axis determination. In view of this, the identification of transparent mineral microscopy should first give full play to the role of polarization microscope, and mineral photometric identification and optical constant determination of equipment and procedures as simple as possible, convenient and easy. Therefore, the mathematical relationship between the orientation of the crystal body and the change of the refractive index is discussed on the basis of the needle rotation