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中世纪对于西欧来说是一个特殊的历史时期,封建政权与教权的依存和斗争是这一历史时期的主线。罗马城内的教会是西欧天主教的精神统治中心,教皇是其中的首脑。当教会的势力发展到鼎盛时期,教皇则拥有了无可比拟的权力,并将权力延伸到了世俗领域,权势超过了世俗君主。从十一世纪末到十三世纪末,教权超越了西欧各国的王权,不管是在精神领域还是在世俗领域都可以与世俗王权相抗衡。
The Middle Ages was a special historical period for Western Europe. The dependence and struggle of the feudal regime and the church power were the main lines of this historical period. The church in Rome is the spiritual center of Catholicism in Western Europe, and the Pope is one of the leaders. When the power of the Church reached its heyday, the Pope possessed unparalleled power and extended its power to the secular realm, surpassing the secular monarchs. From the end of the eleventh century to the end of the thirteenth century, the empowerment transcends the monarchies of Western European nations and can compete with secular monarchy both in spiritual and secular areas.