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孟德斯鸠在《论法的精神》第一卷中系统地论述了他的自然法与政体理论,这种论述的基础奠立在对自然状态的研究之上,而其目的是为了给分权理论作铺垫。孟德斯鸠将政体分为三种:共和政体、君主政体和专制政体,根据统治者人数的不同,他又将共和政体分为民主政体与贵族政体两类,并且深入研究了不同政体的性质及原则。孟德斯鸠在政体理论的研究中的价值取向值得关注,人们对他认为什么样的政体更符合正义这一问题见仁见智,而对这个问题的不同理解将可能对现实政治实践产生不同的影响。
Montesquieu systematically discusses his natural law and the theory of the political system in the first volume of “The Spirit of Law,” which is based on the study of the state of nature and whose purpose is to give points The theory of rights paved the way. Montesquieu divide the political system into three kinds: the republic, the monarch and the autocracy. According to the different numbers of the rulers, he divided the republican government into two types: the democratic one and the aristocratic one, and studied the nature of the different polities And the principle. The value orientation of Montesquieu in the study of the theory of the political system deserves our attention. People have different views on what kind of political system he thinks is more in line with the justice. Different understanding of this issue may have different influences on the actual political practice.