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棉花是安阳县的主要经济作物,是农民经济收入的主要来源。近几年,由于受气象因素的影响,棉花烂铃发生严重,直接影响了棉花的产量和品质,制约了植棉效益的提高,据测定,和健铃比较,烂铃铃重减轻40.2%,皮棉减少52.7%,衣分降低22.1%,绒长缩短40.2%,强度降低48.9%。如何防治棉花烂铃,成为植棉效益再提高的主要问题。一、棉花烂铃形成的原因棉花烂铃每年都有发生,但烂铃率差异较大,除品种、密度、播期因素外,主要是由于气象条件的变化引起的,因为棉花烂铃是由铃疫病菌侵染引起的。此病菌在温度24~27℃、相对湿度85%以上条件下蔓延发生为害最重。因此,在棉花结铃盛期,降雨量大小,连阴雨日的多少,是决定烂铃多少的主要因素。连阴天多,降雨量大,光照少,棉田湿度大,有利于病菌侵染为害,造成烂铃发生。近几年来,我们通过对气象条件与棉花烂铃关系的不断探索,总结出了一些棉花烂铃的规律:即高产棉田重于低产田,棉株下部多于上部,涝年烂铃重于旱年,早播棉田重于晚播棉田,密度大田间荫蔽
Cotton is the main cash crop in Anyang County and the main source of income for farmers. In recent years, due to the influence of meteorological factors, serious cotton bolls have a direct impact on the yield and quality of cotton, which hinders the improvement of cotton planting efficiency. According to the determination, compared with healthy bell bolls, the weight of boll bolls reduced by 40.2% Cotton lint reduced by 52.7%, linen reduced by 22.1%, velvet length reduced by 40.2% and strength decreased by 48.9%. How to prevent and deal with the bad cotton bolls has become the main problem that the cotton planting benefit is raised again. First, the reasons for the formation of bad cotton boll Cotton spores occur every year, but the difference between the rate of bad bell, in addition to variety, density, sowing date factors, mainly due to changes in weather conditions, because the cotton boll is caused by Phytophthora infestans. The bacteria in the temperature of 24 ~ 27 ℃, relative humidity of 85% or more spread under the conditions of the worst damage. Therefore, cotton boll boom, the amount of rainfall, even the number of rainy days, is to determine how much the main factor bad ring. Even cloudy, rainfall, light, cotton, humidity, conducive to pathogen infection, resulting in bad bell. In recent years, through the continuous exploration of the relationship between the meteorological conditions and the cotton bolls, we summarized some regularities of the cotton boll bolls: the high-yield cotton fields were heavier than the low-yield fields, the lower cotton bolls were more than the upper ones, Years, early-sowing cotton field is more important than late sowing cotton field, the density of the shade between fields